https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1648

Factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes in people with HIV-associated tuberculosis in Armenia, 2015 to 2019

Vol. 91 No. 1 (2021)
Published: January 14, 2021
Tuberculosis treatment, TB/HIV co-infection, unsuccessful treatment outcome, case fatality, default, operational research
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Authors

Lilit Gevorgyan
tiliagevorgyan@yahoo.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5231-3733
Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia.
Ruzanna Grigoryan
Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia.
Kostyantyn Dumchev
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-4977
Ukrainian Institute on Public Health Policy, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Kristina Akopyan
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-1870
Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia.
Anush Khachatryan
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1624-1592
National Center of Pulmonology, State Non Commercial Organization of the Ministry of Health, Abovyan, Armenia.
Eduard Kabasakalyan
National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of the National Center of Pulmonology, National Center of Pulmonology, State Non Commercial Organization of the Ministry of Health, Abovyan, Armenia.
Trdat Grigoryan
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-7444
National Center for AIDS Prevention, National Center of Pulmonology, State Non Commercial Organization of the Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Armenia.
Marina Safaryan
Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia.
Vardan Avagyan
National Center of Pulmonology, State Non Commercial Organization of the Ministry of Health, Abovyan, Armenia.
Sayohat Hasanova
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-9033
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Alberto Matteelli
University of Brescia, WHO collaborating center for TB/HIV and TB elimination, Brescia, Italy.

To evaluate factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes in human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated (HIV) TB patients in Armenia, we conducted a nation-wide cohort study using routine programmatic data of all HIV-associated TB patients receiving TB treatment with first- or second-line drugs from 2015 to 2019. Data were obtained from the TB and HIV electronic databases. We analysed occurrence of the combined unfavourable outcome (failure, lost to follow-up, death and not evaluated) and death separately, and factors associated with both outcomes using Cox regression. There were 320 HIV-associated TB patients who contributed a total of 351 episodes of TB treatment. An unfavourable TB treatment outcome was registered in 155 (44.2%) episodes, including 85 (24.2%) due to death, 38 (10.8%) lost to follow up, 13 (3.7%) failure and 19 (5.4%) not evaluated. Multivariable analysis showed that receipt of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) [ART start before TB treatment: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2-0.5, aHR=, 95% CI:, 95% CI:, 95% CI:TB meningitis (aHR=4.4, 95% CI: 1.6-11.9) increased the risk. The risk of death was affected by the same factors as above in addition to the low BMI (aHR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.5) and drug resistance (aHR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.4). In the subsample of episodes receiving ART, history of interruption of ART during TB treatment increased the risk of unfavourable outcome (aHR=2.1 95% CI: 1.2-3.9), while ART start during TB treatment was associated with lower risk of both unfavourable outcome (within first 8 weeks: aHR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9; after 8 weeks: aHR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-1.0) and death (within first 8 weeks: aHR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.4; after 8 weeks: aHR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.01-0.3). The rates of unfavourable TB treatment outcomes, and death in particular, among HIV-associated TB patients in Armenia are high. Our findings emphasize the protective effect of ART and the importance of proper management of cases complicated by drug resistance or meningitis.  

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Lilit Gevorgyan, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan

National Center of Pulmonology, State Non Commercial Organization of the Ministry of Health, Abovyan

Kristina Akopyan, Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan

National Center for Infectious Diseases, Yerevan

How to Cite

Gevorgyan, Lilit, Ruzanna Grigoryan, Kostyantyn Dumchev, Kristina Akopyan, Anush Khachatryan, Eduard Kabasakalyan, Trdat Grigoryan, Marina Safaryan, Vardan Avagyan, Sayohat Hasanova, and Alberto Matteelli. 2021. “Factors Associated With Unfavourable Treatment Outcomes in People With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis in Armenia, 2015 to 2019”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 91 (1). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1648.

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