https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2022.2229
Non-pharmacological interventions for tobacco cessation: A systematic review of existing practices and their effectiveness
Submitted: February 8, 2022
Accepted: March 8, 2022
Published: March 25, 2022
Accepted: March 8, 2022
Abstract Views: 3105
PDF: 1079
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Smoking tobacco is associated with lung cancer and other life-threatening diseases which requires serious action to curb it. Tobacco cessation interventions are available as pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods or a combination of both. The present review examines the effectiveness of the existing non-pharmacological tobacco cessation interventions and synthesizes the result for the future development of drug-free treatment in the community for tobacco cessation. The literature search was conducted in August 2020, using two electronic databases (PubMed and JSTOR), with search terms: [‘tobacco cessation’ OR ‘smoking cessation’] AND [‘intervention’] which included studies published during 2010 and 2020 (till 31st July 2020). All studies were limited to English language, human participants and excluded patients with comorbidities. A total of 2,114 publications were retrieved out of which 11 articles were reviewed. On the basis of intervention used in reviewed studies, we categorized them into seven categories: i. incentive-based intervention, ii. exercise based, iii. telephone-based proactive counselling, iv. mobile phone SMS (Short Message Service) based, v. smartphone app (application) based, vi. web-based intervention, vii. self-help material. Incentives were provided in most of the studies to maintain the retention rate and motivate the participants for completing follow-up. Non-pharmacological interventions for tobacco cessation include a combination of various elements. Our findings suggest that behavioural counselling is one of the most important elements of any non-pharmacological intervention. In addition to behaviour counselling, yoga and exercises along with self-help material, video and phone counselling may have higher efficacy. Thus, practicing non-pharmacological interventions may also increase the cessation rate and reduce the tobacco use burden.
World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package. 2008. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43818
World Health Organization. Tobacco. 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
Indiatimes [Internet]. World No Tobacco Day: India is home to 12% of the world’s smokers, 10 lakh die every year! 2018. [cited 2021 Dec 31]. Available from: https://www.indiatimes.com/health/buzz/world-no-tobacco-day-india-is-home-to-12-of-the-world-s-smokers-10-lakh-die-every-year-346482.html
Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Global Adult Tobacco Survey GATS 2 India 2016-2017 Report. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 2017.
World Health Organization. India tobacco factsheet 2018 R4. 2018 Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272672/wntd_2018_india_fs.pdf?sequence=1
Foundation for a Smoke-Free World [Internet]. The Tobacco Epidemic in India - Foundation for smokefree world. 2019. [cited 2022 Jan 8]. Available from: https://www.smokefreeworld.org/tobacco-epidemic-india/
Ahluwalia IB, Tripp AL, Dean AK, et al. Tobacco smoking cessation and quitline use among adults aged ≥15 years in 31 countries: Findings from the global adult tobacco survey. Am J Prevent Med 2021;60:S128–35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.029
World Health Organization. Training for tobacco quit line counsellors: telephone counselling. 2014. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/113145
Castaldelli-Maia JM, Harutyunyan A, Herbec A, et al. Tobacco dependence treatment for special populations: challenges and opportunities. Braz J Psychiatry 2021;43:75–82.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0782
CASP C. CASP qualitative checklist. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. 2018.
Hwang G-S, Jung H-S, Yi Y, et al. Smoking cessation intervention using stepwise exercise incentives for male workers in the workplace. J Public Health 2012;24:82–90.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539510370991
Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Sarbit G, et al. Evaluation of quitnow men: An online, men-centered smoking cessation intervention. J Med Internet Res 2016;18:e83.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5076
Bock BC, Dunsiger SI, Rosen RK, et al. Yoga as a complementary therapy for smoking cessation: Results from BreathEasy, a randomized clinical trial. Nicotine Tob Res 2019;21:1517–23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty212
Danaher BG, Tyler MS, Crowley RC, et al. Outcomes and device usage for fully automated internet Interventions designed for a smartphone or personal computer: The MobileQuit smoking cessation randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2019;21:e13290.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/13290
Bricker JB, Mull KE, Kientz JA, et al. Randomized, controlled pilot trial of a smartphone app for smoking cessation using acceptance and commitment therapy. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014;143:87–94.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.006
Bricker J, Wyszynski C, Comstock B, Heffner JL. Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15:1756–64.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt056
Zhu SH, Cummins SE, Wong S, et al. The effects of a multilingual telephone quitline for Asian smokers: A randomized controlled trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012;104:299–310.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djr530
Myung S-K, Seo HG, Park EC, et al. An observational study of the Korean proactive quitline service for smoking cessation and relapse prevention. Public Health Rep 1974;126:583-90.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/003335491112600415
Gram IT, Larbi D, Wangberg SC. Comparing the efficacy of an identical, tailored smoking cessation intervention delivered by mobile text messaging versus email: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019;7:e12137.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/12137
Bindhim NF, McGeechan K, Trevena L. Smartphone Smoking Cessation application (SSC App) trial: A multicountry double-blind automated randomised controlled trial of a smoking cessation decision-aid “app.” BMJ Open 2018;8:e017105.
Junnual N, Chaikoolvatana A, Suebsamran P, et al. Evaluation of quit-calendar in smoking cessation at Sapasithiprasong hospital, Ubon Ratchathani. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2015;46:155-67.
World Health Organization. WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025. 2019. Available from: http://apps.who.int/bookorders
Marteau TM, Ashcroft RE, Oliver A. Using financial incentives to achieve healthy behaviour. BMJ 2009;338:983–5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b1415
Oliver A. Can financial incentives improve health equity? BMJ 2009;339:705.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b3847
Resnik DB. Bioethical issues in providing financial incentives to research participants. Medicoleg Bioeth 2015;5:35-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/MB.S70416
Boyd KA, Briggs AH, Bauld L, et al. Are financial incentives cost‐effective to support smoking cessation during pregnancy? Addiction 2016;111:360–70.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13160
Christie B. Scottish NHS offers cash to get smokers to quit. BMJ 2009;338:b1306.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b1306
Allan C, Radley A, Williams B. Paying the price for an incentive: An exploratory study of smokers’ reasons for failing to complete an incentive based smoking cessation scheme. J Health Serv Res Policy 2012;17:212–8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2012.011084
Klinsophon T, Thaveeratitham P, Sitthipornvorakul E, Janwantanakul P. Effect of exercise type on smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Res Note. 2017;10:1–21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2762-y
Ussher MH, Taylor AH, Faulkner GEJ. Exercise interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;2019:CD002295.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002295.pub6
Ussher M, Nunziata P, Cropley M, West R. Effect of a short bout of exercise on tobacco withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke. Psychopharmacology 2001;158:66–72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130100846
Lichtenstein E, Zhu SH, Tedeschi GJ. Smoking cessation quitlines: An underrecognized intervention success story. Am Psychol 2010;65:252–61.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018598
Benowitz NL, Bernert JT, Foulds J, et al. Biochemical verification of tobacco use and abstinence: 2019 update. Nicotine Tob Res 2020;22:1086–97.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz132
Glasgow RE, Mullooly JP, Vogt TM, et al. Biochemical validation of smoking status: pros, cons, and data from four low-intensity intervention trials. Addict Behav 1993;18:511–27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(93)90068-K
Lillard DR, Plassmann V, Kenkel D, Mathios A. Who kicks the habit and how they do it: socioeconomic differences across methods of quitting smoking in the USA. Social Sci Med 2007;64:2504–19.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.02.036
Smith DK, Miller DE, Mounsey A. PURLs: “Cold turkey” works best for smoking cessation. J Family Pract 2017;66:174–6.
World Health Organization. Toolkit for oral health professionals to deliver brief tobacco interventions in primary care. 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/toolkit-for-oral-health-professionals-to-deliver-brief-tobacco-interventions-in-primary-care
Elshatarat RA, Yacoub MI, Khraim FM, et al. Self-efficacy in treating tobacco use: A review article. Proc Singapore Healthcare 2016;25:243–8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2010105816667137
Livingstone‐Banks J, Ordóñez‐Mena JM, Hartmann‐Boyce J. Print‐based self‐help interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;1:CD001118.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001118.pub4
Hartmann‐Boyce J, Lancaster T, Stead LF. Print‐based self‐help interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;(6):CD001118.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001118.pub3
Simmons VN, Sutton SK, Medina-Ramirez P, et al. Self-help smoking cessation intervention for Spanish-speaking Hispanics/Latinxs in the United States: A randomized controlled trial. Cancer 2022;128:984-94.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33986
How to Cite
Saroj, Shyam Kanhaiya, and Tushti Bhardwaj. 2022. “Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Tobacco Cessation: A Systematic Review of Existing Practices and Their Effectiveness”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 92 (4). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2022.2229.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz, Marcos Garcia Rueda, Manuel A. Martinez Muñiz, Jacobo Sellarés, Maria A. Jiménez-Fuentes, Lourdes Lázaro Asegurado, Esther RodrÃguez Gonzalez, Concepción Rodriguez Garcia, Oriol Armengol, Emilia Abad, Teresa Peña, Adolfo Domenech del Rio, Juan A. Riesco Miranda, Varenicline in smokers with severe or very severe COPD after 24 weeks of treatment. A descriptive analysis: VALUE study , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 87 No. 3 (2017)
- F. Pistelli, F. Aquilini, L. Carrozzi, Weight Gain after Smoking Cessation , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 71 No. 2 (2009): Pulmonary series
- S. Kalaboka, J.P. Piau, G. King, D. Moreau, M. Choquet, I. Annesi-Maesano, Sex and gender differences in tobacco smoking among adolescents in French secondary schools , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 69 No. 3 (2008): Pulmonary series
- Furio Colivicchi, David Mocini, Massimo Uguccioni, Stefano Strano, Giuseppe Imperoli, Massimo Santini, Smoking cessation interventions after Acute Coronary Syndromes. Results of a cross-sectional survey in the Lazio Region of Italy , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 78 No. 2 (2012): Cardiac series
- P. Santus, L. Bassi, A. Airoldi, F. Giovannelli, D. Radovanovic, Varenicline and evaluated outcomes in smoking cessation programmes , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 79 No. 1 (2013): Pulmonary series
- J.P. Zellweger, Tobacco and tuberculosis , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 69 No. 2 (2008): Pulmonary series
- M. Malerba, B. Ragnoli, M. Corradi, Non-invasive methods to assess biomarkers of exposure and early stage of pulmonary disease in smoking subjects , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 69 No. 3 (2008): Pulmonary series
- C.A. Jiménez-Ruiz, K.O. Fagerström, Smoking cessation treatment for COPD smokers: the role of pharmacological interventions , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 79 No. 1 (2013): Pulmonary series
- C.A. Jiménez-Ruiz, L.C. Dale, J. Astray Mochales, L. Velázquez BuendÃa, I. de Granda Orive, A. Guirao GarcÃa, Smoking characteristics and cessation in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 65 No. 4 (2006): Pulmonary series
- Sandra Eugênia Coutinho, Raimunda Sinthia Lima de Braga, André Külzer Santos, Joanna Scopel Velho, Denise Rossato Silva, Smoking cessation among tuberculosis patients during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Early Access
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
