Resistance training and sarcopenia

Submitted: May 24, 2016
Accepted: May 24, 2016
Published: June 22, 2016
Abstract Views: 24489
PDF: 13767
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Authors

Aging is inexorably accompanied by a progressive decline of muscle mass, quality and strength. The resulting condition has been termed sarcopenia. Age-related sarcopenia can be accelerated by a variety of factors including changes in the hormonal milieu, inactivity, poor nutrition, chronic illness, and loss of integrity and function in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The downstream mechanisms by which these risk factors cause sarcopenia are not completely understood. Exercise training (particularly resistance training) has long been identified as the most promising method for increasing muscle mass and strength among older people. New interventions aimed at preventing muscle atrophy, promoting muscle growth and ultimately, maintaining muscle functions during aging are discussed. Understanding how age affects muscle-related gene expression, protein recycling and resynthesis, post-translational modification and turnover will be crucial to identify new treatment options. 

Riassunto

L’invecchiamento è inesorabilmente accompagnato da un progressivo declino della massa, della qualità e della forza muscolare. La conseguente condizione viene definita sarcopenia. La sarcopenia correlata all’invecchiamento può essere accelerata da una serie di fattori tra cui le modifiche degli equilibri ormonali, la sedentarietà, la scarsa nutrizione, le patologie croniche, e la perdita di integrità e funzione del sistema nervoso centrale e periferico. I meccanismi attraverso i quali questi fattori causano sarcopenia sono ancora non completamente chiari. L’esercizio fisico (in particolare il training di resistenza) è da tempo identificato come una delle più promettenti stratefie per aumentare la massa muscolare e la forza negli anziani. Interventi mirati a prevenire la atrofia muscolare, a promuovere la crescita muscolare e, in ultima analisi, preservare le funzioni muscolari durante l’invecchiamento verranno discussi. Comprendere come l’invecchiamento interferisce con l’espressione genica ai livello muscolare, con i sistemi di riciclo e resintesi proteica, con le modifiche post-traslatzionali e il turnover, sarà cruciale per identificare e implementare nuove strategie terapeutiche.

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How to Cite

Giallauria, Francesco, Antonio Cittadini, Neil Andrew Smart, and Carlo Vigorito. 2016. “Resistance Training and Sarcopenia”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 84 (1-2). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2015.738.

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