https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1377
Clinical and epidemiological profile of Indian COVID-19 patients from Jaipur: a descriptive study
Submitted: May 13, 2020
Accepted: December 14, 2020
Published: July 21, 2021
Accepted: December 14, 2020
Abstract Views: 1578
PDF: 786
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
We analyzed the data of 102 confirmed patients with novel Coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19) during the early period of nationwide lockdown announced in India after the declaration of pandemic. We analyzed epidemiological, clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalization in 102 patients with positive results for novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) RNA testing which were traced on the basis of history of travel, contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case, resident of hotspot areas or presence of symptoms, thus providing an accurate estimate of the proportion of asymptomatic cases in the initial population. Of 102 patients enrolled in the study, 83.3% (85/102) were asymptomatic and 16.67% (17/102) were symptomatic. Seventy-seven (75.49%) were males and 24.50% (25/102) were females. Eighteen (17.6%) patients had associated comorbidities, the most prevalent of which were diabetes mellitus 10.8% (11/102), hypertension 7.8% (8/102), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 3.92% (4/102), chronic kidney Disease (CKD) 0.98% (1/102), coronary artery Disease (CAD) 0.98% (1/102) and cerebro-vascular disease (CVD) 0.98% (1/102). The clinical spectrum among symptomatic COVID-19 patients varied from dry cough and fever to respiratory failure and multi-organ failure. Twelve (11.76%) patients were kept in intensive care unit (ICU). Ninety-nine (97.05%) patients recovered while three (2.94%) died during hospital stay. With majority of COVID-19 cases in India being asymptomatic, changes in biochemical and inflammatory profile were small and insignificant in asymptomatic patients when compared to symptomatic patients. Elevated NLR, lymphopenia, age and presence of comorbidities were associated with increased severity and poor outcome.
WHO. Pneumonia of unknown cause China. Emergencies, preparedness, response, disease outbreak news. World Health
Organization. 2020. Accessed: 8 May 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China. CDC. Accessed: 27 January 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/%20index.html
WHO. Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020. World Health Organization. 2020. Accessed: 4 May 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-themedia-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020
Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol 2020;5:536-44.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z
WHO. Coronavirus pandemic. World Health Organization. 2020. Accessed: 25 July 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
Government of India [Internet]. #IndiaFightsCorona COVID-19. 2020. Accessed: 25 July 2020. Available from: https://www.mygov.in/COVID-19
Huang L, Zhang X, Zhang X, et al. Rapid asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 during the incubation period demonstrating strong infectivity in a cluster of youngsters aged 16-23 years outside Wuhan and characteristics of young patients with COVID-19: A prospective contact-tracing study. J Infect 2020;80:e1-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.006
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395:507-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
Huang C,Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497-506.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Kolifarhood G, Aghaali M, Mozafar Saadati H, et al. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of covid-19; a narrative review. Arch Acad Emerg Med 2020;8:e41.
Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, et al. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:732-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa237
Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person
transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 2020;395:514-23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Guidelines on the clinical management of COVID-19. Accessed: 8 May 2020. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/GuidelinesonClinicalManagementofCOVID1912020.pdf
Şimşek yavuz S, Ünal S. Antiviral treatment of COVID-19. Turk J Med Sci 2020;50:611-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-145
Mizumoto K, Kagaya K, Zarebski A, Chowell G. Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
cases on board the Diamond Princess Cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020. Euro Surveill 2020;25:2000180.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.10.2000180
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA 2020;323:1239-42.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:91-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
Shi H, Han X, Jiang N et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:425-34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30086-4
Li X, Xu S, Yu M, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;146:110-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006
Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, et al. Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin
in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020;34:101663.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101663
Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, et al. A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1787-99.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2008043
Baden LR, Rubin EJ. Covid-19 - The search for effective therapy. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1851-2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2005477
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Guidance for discharge and ending isolation in the context of widespread
community transmission of COVID-19, 8 April 2020. Stockholm: ECDC; 2020. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/covid-19-guidance-discharge-and-endingisolation
How to Cite
Mahavar, Sunil, Princy Tyagi, Abhishek Agrawal, Sudhir Bhandari, Subrata Banerjee, Raman Sharma, and Prakash Keshwani. 2021. “Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Indian COVID-19 Patients from Jaipur: A Descriptive Study”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 91 (2). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1377.
Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Muhammad Ijaz, Muhammad Jaffar Khan, Jawad Khan, . Usama, Association of clinical characteristics of patients presenting with influenza like illness or severe acute respiratory illness with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 87 No. 1 (2017)
- Massimiliano Polastri, Lara Pisani, Andrea Dell'Amore, Stefano Nava, Revolving door respiratory patients: A rehabilitative perspective , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 87 No. 3 (2017)
- Claudio F. Donner, Sandro Amaducci, Elena Bacci, Sandra Baldacci, Maria L. Bartoli, Gianfranco M. Beghi, Alida Benfante, Sara Brighindi, Lucio Casali, Daniela Castiglia, Mario Cazzola, Alessandro Celi, Silvana Cianchetti, Giorgio Colombo, Claudia Crimi, Federico L. Dente, Giuseppe Di Maria, Annalisa Di Maria, Manuela Latorre, Federico Lavorini, Sara Maio, Claudia Mannini, Riccardo Messina, Pier Luigi Paggiaro, Patrizia Pignatti, David Price, Nicola Scichilone, Marzia Simoni, Antonio Spanevello, Martina Stagno d’Alcontres, Shawna Tan, Roberto Torchio, Giovanni Viegi, Dina Visca, Emiel F.M. Wouters, Shaylynn Yu Hui Xin, Inhalation therapy in the next decade: Determinants of adherence to treatment in asthma and COPD , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 88 No. 1 (2018)
- Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz, Marcos Garcia Rueda, Manuel A. Martinez Muñiz, Jacobo Sellarés, Maria A. Jiménez-Fuentes, Lourdes Lázaro Asegurado, Esther RodrÃguez Gonzalez, Concepción Rodriguez Garcia, Oriol Armengol, Emilia Abad, Teresa Peña, Adolfo Domenech del Rio, Juan A. Riesco Miranda, Varenicline in smokers with severe or very severe COPD after 24 weeks of treatment. A descriptive analysis: VALUE study , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 87 No. 3 (2017)
- Gabriele Valli, Francesca De Marco, Maria Teresa Spina, Valentina Valeriano, Antonello Rosa, Valentina Minerva, Enrico Mirante, Maria Pia Ruggieri, Francesco Rocco Pugliese, A pilot study on the application of the current European guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndrome without elevation of ST segment (NSTEMI) in the Emergency Department setting in the Italian region Lazio , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 82 No. 4 (2014): Cardiac series
- Roberto Porta, Laura Comini, Luca Barbano, Luca Bianchi, Michele Vitacca, A case of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome associated with floppy eyelid syndrome: positive effect of CPAP therapy , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 87 No. 1 (2017)
- Francesco Barillà , Concetta Torromeo, Riccardo Iorio, Luigina Porco, Vincenzo Paravati, Carlo Gaudio, Antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome: Between scientific evidence and future perspectives , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 88 No. 2 (2018)
- Vishal Chopra, Hardik Jain, Akhil D. Goel, Siddharth Chopra, Ashrafjit S. Chahal, Neha Garg, Vidhu Mittal, Correlation of aspergillus skin hypersensitivity with the duration and severity of asthma , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 87 No. 3 (2017)
- Samuele Baldasseroni, Alessandra Pratesi, Francesco Orso, Claudia Di Serio, Alice Foschini, Andrea Giosafat Marella, Nadia Bartoli, Mauro Di Bari, Stefano Fumagalli, Niccolò Marchionni, Francesca Tarantini, Epicardial adipose tissue and insulin resistance in patients with coronary artery disease with or without left ventricular dysfunction , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 80 No. 4 (2013): Cardiac Series
- D.S.C. Hui, An overview on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 63 No. 3 (2005): Pulmonary series
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
