https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1669
Gender differences in vaccine therapy: where are we in COVID-19 pandemic?
Submitted: November 7, 2020
Accepted: March 24, 2021
Published: April 8, 2021
Accepted: March 24, 2021
Abstract Views: 8718
PDF: 2222
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements of public health. Vaccination programs have contributed to the decline in mortality and morbidity of various infectious diseases. This review aims to investigate the impact of sex/gender on the vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. The studies were identified by using PubMed, until 30th June 2020. The search was performed by using the following keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, gender, sex, vaccine, adverse reaction. Clinical trials, retrospective and prospective studies were included. Studies written in languages other than English were excluded. Studies were included if gender differences in response to vaccination trials were reported. All selected studies were qualitatively analyzed. Innate recognition and response to viruses, as well as, adaptive immune responses during viral infections, differ between females and males. Unfortunately, a majority of vaccine trials have focused on healthy people, with ages between 18 to 65 years, excluding the elderly, pregnant women, post-menopausal female and children. In conclusion, it is apparent that the design of vaccines and vaccine strategies should be sex-specific, to reduce adverse reactions in females and increase immunogenicity in males. It should be mandatory to examine sex-related variables in pre-clinical and clinical vaccine trials, such as their crucial role for successful prevention of pandemic COVID-19.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ten great public health achievements--United States, 1900-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999;48:241-3.
Fine P, Eames K, Heymann DL. “Herd immunity”: a rough guide. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:911- 6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir007
Omer SB, Salmon DA, Orenstein WA, et al. Vaccine refusal, mandatory immunization, and the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1981-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa0806477
Leask J. Target the fence-sitters. Nature 2011;473:443-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/473443a
Leask J, Kinnersley P, Jackson C, et al. Communicating with parents about vaccination: a framework for health professionals. BMC Pediatr 2012;12:154.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-154
Klein SL, Jedlicka A, Pekosz A. The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10:338–49.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70049-9
Potluri T, Fink AL, Sylvia KE, et al. Age associated changes in the impact of sex steroids on influenza vaccine responses in males and females. NPJ Vaccines 2019;4:29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-019-0124-6
Ambrosino I, Barbagelata E, Ortona E, et al. Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: a narrative review. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2020;90:1389.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2020.1389
Zeng F, Dai C, Cai P, et al. A comparison study of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody between male and female COVID-19 patients: a possible reason underlying different outcome between gender. J Med Virol 2020;92:2050-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25989
Ruggieri A, Anticoli S, D'Ambrosio A, et al. The influence of sex and gender on immunity, infection and vaccination. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2016;52:198-204.
Fischinger S, Boudreau CM, Butler AL, et al. Sex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2019;41:239-49.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0726-5
Trigunaite A. Suppressive effects of androgens on the immune system. Cell Immunol 2015;294:87-94.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.004
Beyer WE, Palache AM, Kerstens R, Masurel N. Gender differences in local and systemic reactions to inactivated influenza vaccine, established by a meta-analysis of fourteen independent studies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996;15:65–70.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01586187
Castelo-Branco C, Soveral I. The immune system and aging: a review. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014;30:16–22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2013.852531
Fink AL, Klein SL. Sex and gender impact immune responses to vaccines among the elderly. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015;30:408-16.
Wang CS, Wang ST, Chou P. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination of the elderly in a densely populated and unvaccinated community. Vaccine 2002;20:2494-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00181-0
Roper RL, Rehm KE. SARS vaccines: where are we? Expert Rev Vaccines 2009;8:887-98.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.09.43
Graham RL, Donaldson EF, Baric RS. A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2013;11:836-48.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3143
World Health Organization. DRAFT landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/a-future-for-children/novel-coronavirus_landscape_covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=4d8bd201_1&download=true
Clinical Trials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). Identifier: NCT04357028. Measles vaccine in HCW (MV-COVID19). 2020 April 22. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04357028
Cutolo M, Smith V, Paolino S. Understanding immune effects of oestroges to explain the reduced morbidity and mortality in female versus male Covid-19 patients: comparison with autoimmunity and vaccination Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020;38:383-6.
Jackson LA, Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, et al. An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 - Preliminary report. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1920-31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2022483
Perrotta F, Corbi G, Mazzeo G, et al. COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020;32:1599-608.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01631-y
Pagliano P, Scarpati G, Sellitto C, et al. Experimental pharmacotherapy for COVID-19: The latest advances. J Exp Pharmacol 2021;13:1-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S255209
How to Cite
Ciarambino, Tiziana, Elena Barbagelata, Graziamaria Corbi, Immacolata Ambrosino, Cecilia Politi, Franco Lavalle, Anna Ruggieri, and Annamaria Moretti. 2021. “Gender Differences in Vaccine Therapy: Where Are We in COVID-19 Pandemic?”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 91 (4). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1669.
Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- P. Carratù, G. Karageorgiou, P. Bonfitto, G. Di Gioia, D. Lacedonia, M.P. Foschino Barbaro, O. Resta, Long term evaluation of mental fatigue by Maastricht Questionnaire in patients with OSAS treated with CPAP , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 67 No. 1 (2007): Pulmonary series
- M. Vitacca, J. Escarrabill, G. Galavotti, A. Vianello, E. Prats, R. Scala, A. Peratoner, E. Guffanti, L. Maggi, L. Barbano, B. Balbi, Home mechanical ventilation patients: a retrospective survey to identify level of burden in real life , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 67 No. 3 (2007): Pulmonary series
- E. Vizzardi, S. Nodari, C. Fiorina, M. Metra, L. Dei Cas, Raised homocystein plasma concentration in patients with Heart Failure: clinical significance , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 68 No. 2 (2007): Cardiac series
- Sabino Scardi, Ethnicity, cardiovascular diseases and italian cardiology in an evolving society , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 72 No. 3 (2009): Cardiac series
- Gianaugusto Slavich, Paola Mapelli, Rudy Fregolent, Massimo Slavich, Duilio Tuniz, Non ST ergometric variables in the diabetic patient and their prognostic significance , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 74 No. 1 (2010): Cardiac series
- Filippo M. Sarullo, Luigi Americo, Antonino Di Franco, Pietro Di Pasquale, Rhabdomyolysis induced by co-administration of fluvastatin and colchicine , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 74 No. 3 (2010): Cardiac series
- Gian Marco Rosa, Andreina D'Agostino, Stefano Giovinazzo, Giovanni La Malfa, Paolo Fontanive, Mario Miccoli, Frank Lloyd Dini, Echocardiography of right ventricular-arterial coupling predicts survival of elderly patients with heart failure and reduced to mid-range ejection fraction , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 90 No. 2 (2020)
- Kamal Kant Sahu, Ajay Kumar Mishra, Amos Lal, COVID-2019: update on epidemiology, disease spread and management , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 90 No. 1 (2020)
- Elena Sogaro, Francesca Schininà , Costanza Burgisser, Francesco Orso, Rachele Pallante, Teresa Aloi, Duccio Vanni, Adolfo Pazzagli, Francesco Fattirolli, Type D personality impairs Quality of Life, coping and short-term psychological outcome in patients attending an outpatient intensive program of cardiac rehabilitation , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 74 No. 4 (2010): Cardiac series
- Federica Scimia, Isabella Casadei, Elena Cerquetani, Mara Piccoli, Alessandro Villa, Salvatore La Carrubba, Alessandro Salustri, Functional evaluation of ultra-octogenarian patients undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation: correlation between Six minute Walking Test and Rivermead Mobility Index , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 74 No. 4 (2010): Cardiac series
<< < 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
