https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1724
Clinical profile and risk factors for mortality among COVID-19 inpatients at a tertiary care centre in Bengaluru, India
Submitted: December 8, 2020
Accepted: April 21, 2021
Published: May 17, 2021
Accepted: April 21, 2021
Abstract Views: 4078
PDF: 955
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
COVID-19 is an emerging viral disease affecting more than 200 countries worldwide and it present with varied clinical profile throughout the world. Without effective drugs to cure COVID-19, early identification and control of risk factors are important measures to combat COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the clinical profile and risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India. This record-based longitudinal study was conducted by reviewing the case records of COVID-19 patients admitted for treatment from June 2020 to September 2020 in a tertiary care centre in South India. The clinical details, discharge/death details, were collected and entered in MS Excel. Potential risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were analysed using univariate binomial logistic regression, generalized linear models (GLM) with Poisson distribution. Survival curves were made using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to test the equality of survivor functions between the groups. Out of 854 COVID-19 patients, 56.6% were men and the mean (standard deviation) age was 45.3(17.2) years. The median survival time was significantly lesser in male COVID-19 patients (16 days) as compared to female patients (20 days). Increasing age, male gender, patients presenting with symptoms of fever, cough, breathlessness, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbidities were significantly associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients. Patients with older age, male gender, breathlessness, fever, cough, smoking and alcohol and comorbidities need careful observation and early intervention. Public health campaigns aimed at reducing the prevalence of risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, smoking and alcohol use are also needed.
World Health Organization. WHO Timeline - COVID-19. 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/08-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19
World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological update - 10 November 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update---10-november-2020
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. COVID-19 India. Gov. India. 2020. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/
Nishiura H, Kobayashi T, Suzuki A, et al. Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:154–5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.020
Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu Y-J, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2020;9:29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395:507–13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323:1061-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585
Colaneri M, Sacchi P, Zuccaro V, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia, North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020. Euro Surveill 2020;25:2000460.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.16.2000460
Chen J, Lu H, Melino G, et al. COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives. Cell Death Dis 2020;11:1–17.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-2603-0
Salinas-Escudero G, Carrillo-Vega MF, Granados-García V, et al. A survival analysis of COVID-19 in the Mexican population. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1616.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09934-5
Li X, Xu S, Yu M, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;146:110–8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006
Chen L, Zhang B, Ti M, et al. Clinical course of severe and critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A comparative study. J Infect 2020;81:e82–4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.021
Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, et al. Risk factors of critical and mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect 2020;81:e16–25.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021
National Institutes of Health [Internet]. Phase 3 clinical trial of investigational vaccine for COVID-19 begins. 2020. Available from: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/phase-3-clinical-trial-investigational-vaccine-covid-19-begins
National Centre for Disease Control [Internet]. The updated case definitions and contact-categorisation. New Delhi: 2020. Available from: https://ncdc.gov.in/WriteReadData/l892s/89568514191583491940.pdf
World Health Organization. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indicator Guidelines: Definition and Syntax. 2009. Available from: https://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/en_tfi_gats_indicator_guidelines.pdf
Song J, Hu W, Yu Y, et al. A comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes in elderly and younger patients with covid-19. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:e925047.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.925047
StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. 2017.
Galbadage T, Peterson BM, Awada J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of sex-specific COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Front Med 2020;7:348.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00348
Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Hallajzadeh J, et al. An Insight into the sex differences in COVID-19 patients: What are the possible causes? Prehosp Disaster Med 2020;35:438-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X20000837
Salvati L, Biagioni B, Vivarelli E, Parronchi P. A gendered magnifying glass on COVID-19. Clin Mol Allergy 2020;18:14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-020-00129-2
Mueller AL, Mcnamara MS, Sinclair DA. Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people? Aging (Albany NY) 2020;12:9959–81.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103344
Perrotta F, Corbi G, Mazzeo G, et al. COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020;32:1599–608.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01631-y
Okuno F, Arai M, Ishii H, et al. Mild but prolonged elevation of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in alcoholics. Alcohol 1986;3:357–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-8329(86)90053-4
Mallet J, Dubertret C, Le Strat Y. Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry 2021;160:110070.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110070
Cai G, Bossé Y, Xiao F, Kheradmand F, Amos CI. Tobacco smoking increases the lung gene expression of ACE2, the Receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;201:1557–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202003-0693LE
Abayomi A, Odukoya O, Osibogun A, et al. Presenting symptoms and predictors of poor outcomes among 2,184 patients with COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis 2020;102:226–32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.024
Li L, Sun W, Han M, et al. A study on the predictors of disease severity of COVID-19. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.927167
Jain V, Yuan J-M. Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health 2020;65:533–46.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01390-7
Apicella M, Campopiano MC, Mantuano M, et al. COVID-19 in people with diabetes: understanding the reasons for worse outcomes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:782–92.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30238-2
Mitchell F. Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:570.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30183-2
Ajaimy M, Melamed ML. Covid-19 in patients with kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;15:1087–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.09730620
How to Cite
Marimuthu, Yamini, Radhika Kunnavil, NS Anil, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, N Satyanarayana, Jeetendra Kumar, and Bojja Ramya. 2021. “Clinical Profile and Risk Factors for Mortality Among COVID-19 Inpatients at a Tertiary Care Centre in Bengaluru, India”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 91 (3). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1724.
Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Marinella Gattone, Pantaleo Giannuzzi, Interventional Strategies in early Atherosclerosis , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 66 No. 1 (2006): Cardiac series
- Roberto Valle, Renzo Baccichetto, Sabrina Barro, Alessandro Calderan, Emanuele Carbonieri, Maura Chinellato, Mario Chiatto, Alessandra D’Eri, Francesco Corazza, Massimo D’Atri, Raffaela Drigo, Simeone Fabris, Giuseppe Fabris Gelli, Antonio Lo Giudice, Federica Noventa, Alessandro Pollon, Paolo Santin, Franco Zanardi, Loredano Milani, Heart failure in Eastern Veneto: prevalence, hospitalization rate, adherence to guidelines and social costs , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 66 No. 1 (2006): Cardiac series
- S. Al-Muhairi, T. Zoubeidi, M. Ellis, M. Gary Nicholls, W. Safa, J. Joseph, Demographics and microbiological profile of Pneumonia in United Arab Emirates , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 65 No. 1 (2006): Pulmonary series
- Nassiba Bahra, Bouchra Amara, Hind Bourkhime, Soukaina El Yaagoubi, Nada Othmani, Nabil Tachfouti, Mohamed Berraho, Mounia Serraj, Mohamed Chakib Benjelloun, Samira El Fakir, Quality of life and its determinants in patients with chronic respiratory diseases in the Fes-Meknes region, Morocco , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Early Access
- Sabino Scardi, Pierpaolo Gori, Paolo Umari, Nurse involment in primary care: it is the key to improve the outcomes in primary and secondary prevention? , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 74 No. 2 (2010): Cardiac series
- P. Trerotoli, N. Bartolomeo, A.M. Moretti, Hospitalisation for COPD in Puglia: the role of hospital discharge database to estimate prevalence and incidence , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 69 No. 3 (2008): Pulmonary series
- C. Pronzato, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Association, consequences and treatment , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 73 No. 4 (2010): Pulmonary series
- Gian Francesco Mureddu, Arterial hypertension: which targets in over-75-year people? , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 84 No. 1-2 (2015): Cardiac series
- Roberto F.E. Pedretti, Michele Gabriele, Sergio Masnaghetti, Pompilio Faggiano, Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease: Focus on , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 82 No. 2 (2014): Cardiac series
- Marina Maffoni, Karin Olson, Julia Hynes, Piergiorgio Argentero, Ilaria Setti, Ines Giorgi, Anna Giardini, A journey through roses and thorns: becoming a physician by learning from patients with life-threatening illnesses. A qualitative study with international medical students , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 91 No. 3 (2021)
<< < 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
