https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1724
Clinical profile and risk factors for mortality among COVID-19 inpatients at a tertiary care centre in Bengaluru, India
Submitted: December 8, 2020
Accepted: April 21, 2021
Published: May 17, 2021
Accepted: April 21, 2021
Abstract Views: 4078
PDF: 955
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
COVID-19 is an emerging viral disease affecting more than 200 countries worldwide and it present with varied clinical profile throughout the world. Without effective drugs to cure COVID-19, early identification and control of risk factors are important measures to combat COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the clinical profile and risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India. This record-based longitudinal study was conducted by reviewing the case records of COVID-19 patients admitted for treatment from June 2020 to September 2020 in a tertiary care centre in South India. The clinical details, discharge/death details, were collected and entered in MS Excel. Potential risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were analysed using univariate binomial logistic regression, generalized linear models (GLM) with Poisson distribution. Survival curves were made using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to test the equality of survivor functions between the groups. Out of 854 COVID-19 patients, 56.6% were men and the mean (standard deviation) age was 45.3(17.2) years. The median survival time was significantly lesser in male COVID-19 patients (16 days) as compared to female patients (20 days). Increasing age, male gender, patients presenting with symptoms of fever, cough, breathlessness, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbidities were significantly associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients. Patients with older age, male gender, breathlessness, fever, cough, smoking and alcohol and comorbidities need careful observation and early intervention. Public health campaigns aimed at reducing the prevalence of risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, smoking and alcohol use are also needed.
World Health Organization. WHO Timeline - COVID-19. 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/08-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19
World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological update - 10 November 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update---10-november-2020
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. COVID-19 India. Gov. India. 2020. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/
Nishiura H, Kobayashi T, Suzuki A, et al. Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:154–5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.020
Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu Y-J, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2020;9:29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395:507–13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323:1061-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585
Colaneri M, Sacchi P, Zuccaro V, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia, North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020. Euro Surveill 2020;25:2000460.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.16.2000460
Chen J, Lu H, Melino G, et al. COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives. Cell Death Dis 2020;11:1–17.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-2603-0
Salinas-Escudero G, Carrillo-Vega MF, Granados-García V, et al. A survival analysis of COVID-19 in the Mexican population. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1616.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09934-5
Li X, Xu S, Yu M, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;146:110–8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006
Chen L, Zhang B, Ti M, et al. Clinical course of severe and critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A comparative study. J Infect 2020;81:e82–4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.021
Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, et al. Risk factors of critical and mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect 2020;81:e16–25.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021
National Institutes of Health [Internet]. Phase 3 clinical trial of investigational vaccine for COVID-19 begins. 2020. Available from: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/phase-3-clinical-trial-investigational-vaccine-covid-19-begins
National Centre for Disease Control [Internet]. The updated case definitions and contact-categorisation. New Delhi: 2020. Available from: https://ncdc.gov.in/WriteReadData/l892s/89568514191583491940.pdf
World Health Organization. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indicator Guidelines: Definition and Syntax. 2009. Available from: https://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/en_tfi_gats_indicator_guidelines.pdf
Song J, Hu W, Yu Y, et al. A comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes in elderly and younger patients with covid-19. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:e925047.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.925047
StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. 2017.
Galbadage T, Peterson BM, Awada J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of sex-specific COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Front Med 2020;7:348.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00348
Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Hallajzadeh J, et al. An Insight into the sex differences in COVID-19 patients: What are the possible causes? Prehosp Disaster Med 2020;35:438-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X20000837
Salvati L, Biagioni B, Vivarelli E, Parronchi P. A gendered magnifying glass on COVID-19. Clin Mol Allergy 2020;18:14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-020-00129-2
Mueller AL, Mcnamara MS, Sinclair DA. Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people? Aging (Albany NY) 2020;12:9959–81.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103344
Perrotta F, Corbi G, Mazzeo G, et al. COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020;32:1599–608.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01631-y
Okuno F, Arai M, Ishii H, et al. Mild but prolonged elevation of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in alcoholics. Alcohol 1986;3:357–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-8329(86)90053-4
Mallet J, Dubertret C, Le Strat Y. Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry 2021;160:110070.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110070
Cai G, Bossé Y, Xiao F, Kheradmand F, Amos CI. Tobacco smoking increases the lung gene expression of ACE2, the Receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;201:1557–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202003-0693LE
Abayomi A, Odukoya O, Osibogun A, et al. Presenting symptoms and predictors of poor outcomes among 2,184 patients with COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis 2020;102:226–32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.024
Li L, Sun W, Han M, et al. A study on the predictors of disease severity of COVID-19. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.927167
Jain V, Yuan J-M. Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health 2020;65:533–46.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01390-7
Apicella M, Campopiano MC, Mantuano M, et al. COVID-19 in people with diabetes: understanding the reasons for worse outcomes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:782–92.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30238-2
Mitchell F. Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:570.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30183-2
Ajaimy M, Melamed ML. Covid-19 in patients with kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;15:1087–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.09730620
How to Cite
Marimuthu, Yamini, Radhika Kunnavil, NS Anil, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, N Satyanarayana, Jeetendra Kumar, and Bojja Ramya. 2021. “Clinical Profile and Risk Factors for Mortality Among COVID-19 Inpatients at a Tertiary Care Centre in Bengaluru, India”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 91 (3). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1724.
Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Orazio Valerio Giannico, Immacolata Ambrosino, Francesco Patano, Cinzia Germinario, Michele Quarto, Anna Maria Moretti, Educational level, marital status and sex as social gender discharge determinants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a time-to-event analysis , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 89 No. 2 (2019)
- Davide Cavasin, Umberto Zanini, Laura Montelisciani, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Laura Fabbri, Laura Antolini, Fabrizio Luppi, The impact of COVID-19 infection on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Early Access
- Caterina Oriana Aragona, Andrea Bianco, Roberto Caruso, Massimo Cerulli, Nicola Cosentino, Antonio Cittadini, Michele Gabriele, Mario Mallardo, Roberto Marini, Bruna Miserrafiti, Pietro Palermo, Alfonso Galati, Lipid-lowering therapy in patients with coronary heart disease: an Italian real-life survey. Results from the Survey on Risk FactOrs and CardiovascuLar secondary prEvention and drug strategieS (SOFOCLES) in Italy , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Early Access
- Federico Raimondi, Stefano Centanni, Fabrizio Luppi, Stefano Aliberti, Francesco Blasi, Paola Rogliani, Claudio Micheletto, Marco Contoli, Alessandro Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Marialuisa Bocchino, Paolo Busatto, Luca Novelli, Simone Pappacena, Luca Malandrino, Giorgio Lorini, Greta Cairoli, Fabiano Di Marco, Respiratory rate-oxygenation index on the 3rd day is the best predictor of treatment failure in COVID-19 patients , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Early Access
- P.E. Van Schil, J.M. Hendriks, M.G. De Maeseneer, P.R. Lauwers, Current management of spontaneous pneumothorax , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 63 No. 4 (2005): Pulmonary series
- Angel Estella, Usefulness of CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity Index for Influenza A H1N1v pneumonia , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 77 No. 3-4 (2012): Pulmonary series
- Francesco Fattirolli, Elisabetta Angelino, The bare minimum of information at discharge after acute coronary syndrome. Part 2: the quality improvement project , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 78 No. 3 (2012): Cardiac series
- Giorgio Berlot, Antonella Vergolini, Cristina Calderan, Rossana Bussani, Lucio Torelli, Umberto Lucangelo, Acute myocardial infarction in non-cardiac critically ill patients: a clinical-pathological study , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 74 No. 4 (2010): Cardiac series
- Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Abbas Soleimani, Abbas Ali Karimi, Saeed Sadeghian, Sirous Darabian, Seyed Hesameddin Abbasi, Seyed Hossein Ahmadi, Arezou Zoroufian, Mehran Mahmoodian, Ali Abbasi, Clinical features, management and in-hospital outcome of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in young adults under 40 years of age , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 72 No. 2 (2009): Cardiac series
- S. Baldi, G.D. Pinna, P. Crotti, S. Montemartini, E. Dacosto, F. Fanfulla, C. Fracchia, C. Bruschi, Nutritional status and airflow obstruction: two independent contributors to CO diffusing capacity impairment in COPD , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 63 No. 1 (2005): Pulmonary series
<< < 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
