https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.2027
Spectrum of interstitial lung diseases and their association with pulmonary hypertension
Submitted: July 23, 2021
Accepted: October 6, 2021
Published: December 6, 2021
Accepted: October 6, 2021
Abstract Views: 2144
PDF: 879
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are an intriguing group of pulmonary disorders, which still require the study of epidemiological, genetic, pathophysiological, clinical, and radiological parameters. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an underreported complication in interstitial lung diseases which is associated with worse outcome. In our study, we have reported the spectrum of ILDs and estimated the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension among these subjects at a tertiary care centre. A cross-sectional study was performed in which demographical, clinical, radiological, and histological data of subjects with ILD, attending the department of Respiratory Medicine in the University was collected from 1st September 2018 to 31st August 2019. Serological tests were done wherever indicated. Standard criteria along with multidisciplinary opinion were needed to arrive at the final diagnosis. All subjects were screened for pulmonary hypertension via 2-D echocardiography. Mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥20 mmHg was used to define PH. In the defined period, 239 subjects were enrolled (58% females, n=141; mean age 52.38±13.40 years). A tissue diagnosis was obtained in 34% cases. The most common ILD was hypersensitivity pneumonitis (32.2%), followed by autoimmune-ILD (31.4%), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (15.9%) and sarcoidosis (12.6%), non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (2.1%) and rest 21 (5.9%) subjects were diagnosed as other types of ILD. Pulmonary hypertension was seen in 46.0% of subjects.
Selman M. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In: Interstitial lung disease, 5th ed. Schwarz M, and King TE Jr, editors. Shelton, CT: People’s Medical Publishing House-USA; 2011. pp. 597-625.
Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence- based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:788.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2009-040GL
American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:277.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.165.2.ats01
King TE Jr, Pardo A, Selman M. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lancet 2011;378:1949.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60052-4
Travis WD, Hunninghake G, King TE Jr, et al. Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: report of an American Thoracic Society project. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:1338.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200611-1685OC
Bradley B, Branley HM, Egan JJ, et al. Interstitial lung disease guideline: the British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society. Thorax 2008;63:v1-58.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2008.101691
Cottin V, Hirani NA, Hotchkin DL, et al. Presentation, diagnosis and clinical course of the spectrum of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2018;27:180076.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0076-2018
Singh S, Sharma BB, Bairwa M, et al. Management of interstitial lung diseases: A consensus statement of the Indian Chest Society (ICS) and National College of Chest Physician (NCCP). Lung India 2020;37:359-78.
Behr J, Ryu J. H. Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2008;31:1357-67.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00171307
Maimon N, Salz L, Shershevsky Y, et al. Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension in subjects with near-normal lung function. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013;17:406-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0428
Oliveira RK, Pereira CA, Ramos RP, et al. A haemodynamic study of pulmonary hypertension in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J 2014;44:415-24.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00010414
Koschel DS, Cardoso C, Wiedemann B, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Lung 2012;190:295-302.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-011-9361-9
Yan W, Peng LY, Ban CJ, et al. Incidence and clinical characteristics of pulmonary hypertension in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015;128:896-901.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.154284
Cottin V, Le Pavec J, Prévot G, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in subjects with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome. Eur Respir J 2010;35:105-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00038709
Hatano S, Strasser T, World Health Organization. Primary pulmonary hypertension: report on a WHO meeting, Geneva, 15-17 October 1973. World Health Organization; 1975.
Simonneau G, Montani D, Celermajer DS, et al. Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2019;53:1801913.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01913-2018
Haddad F, Zamanian R., Beraud A-S, et al. A novel non-invasive method of estimating pulmonary vascular resistance in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009;22:523-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2009.01.021
Currie PJ. Seward JB, Chan KL, et al. Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study in 127 subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;6:750-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(85)80477-0
Amsallem M, Sternbach JM, Adigopula S, et al. Addressing the controversy of estimating pulmonary arterial pressure by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016;29:93-102.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2015.11.001
Saleem SM. Modified Kuppuswamy scale for the year 2018. Papirex Indian J Res 2018;7:217-18.
Jones PW, Adamek L, Nadeau G et al. Comparisons of health status scores with MRC grades in COPD: implications for the GOLD 2011 classification. Eur Respir J 2013;42:647–54.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00125612
ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:111–7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
Guidelines for the measurement of respiratory function. Recommendations of the British Thoracic Society and the Association of Respiratory Technicians and Physiologists. Respir Med 1994;88:165–94.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-6111(05)80346-4
Moore VC. Spirometry: step by step. Breathe 2012;8:232-40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0021711
ATS/ERS Task Force. Standardisation of Lung Fuction testing. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J 2005;26:948-58.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00035205
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, 2018. Accessed: July 17, 2018. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/gold-reports/
Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Myers JL, et al. Diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis- An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;198:563–80.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201807-1255ST
Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: Update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;188:733–48.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201308-1483ST
Fischer A, Antoniou KM, Brown KK, et al. An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society research statement: interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features. Eur Respir J 2015;46:976-87.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00150-2015
Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010;23:685-713.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010
Mahan G, Dabestani A, Gardin J, et al. Estimation of pulmonary artery pressure by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Circulation 1983;68:367.
Life in the Fastlane [Internet]. Pulmonary Hypertension Echocardiography. Accessed: 1st July, 2020. Available from: https://litfl.com/pulmonary-hypertension-echocardiography/
Singh S, Collins BF, Sharma BB, et al. Interstitial lung disease in India. Results of a prospective registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;195:801-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201607-1484OC
Dhooria S, Agarwal R, Sehgal IS, et al. Spectrum of interstitial lung diseases at a tertiary center in a developing country: A study of 803 subjects. PLoS One 2018;13:e0191938.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191938
Akhter N, Rizvi NA. Interstitial lung diseases misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Pak J Med Sci 2018;34:338-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.342.14407
Kumar R, Gupta N, Goel N. Spectrum of interstitial lung disease at a tertiary care centre in India. Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2014;82:218-26.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2014.0029
Sen T, Udwadia ZF. Retrospective study of interstitial lung disease in a tertiary care centre in India. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2010;52:207–11.
Karakatsani A, Papakosta D, Rapti A, et al. Epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases in Greece. Respir Med 2009;103:1122–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2009.03.001
Alhamad EH. Interstitial lung diseases in Saudi Arabia: A single-center study. Ann Thorac Med 2013;8:33–7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-1737.105717
Musellim B, Okumus G, Uzaslan E, et al. Epidemiology and distribution of interstitial lung diseases in Turkey. Clin Respir J 2014;8:55–62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.12035
Hyldgaard C, Hilberg O, Muller A, Bendstrup E. A cohort study of interstitial lung diseases in central Denmark. Respir Med 2014;108: 93–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2013.09.002
How to Cite
Tyagi, Richa, Surya Kant, Sanjeev Kumar Verma, Ram Awadh Singh Kushwaha, Santosh Kumar, Rajiv Garg, Ajay Kumar Verma, et al. 2021. “Spectrum of Interstitial Lung Diseases and Their Association With Pulmonary Hypertension”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 92 (3). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.2027.
Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Nishant Kumar Chauhan, Ashish Agarwal, Naveen Dutt, Taruna Yadav, Rishabh Kochar, Pulmonary embolism and gastric bleed with disseminated mucormycosis - treading dangerous waters , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 93 No. 3 (2023)
- Francesco Vetta, Gabriella Locorotondo, Giampaolo Vetta, Maria Mignano, Sonia Bracchitta, Prognostic impact of frailty in elderly cardiac surgery patients , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 87 No. 2 (2017)
- G. Garuti, G. Bandiera, M.S. Cattaruzza, L. Gelati, J.F. Osborn, S. Toscani, M. Confalonieri, M. Lusuardi, Out-of-hospital helmet CPAP in acute respiratory failure reduces mortality: a study led by nurses , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 73 No. 4 (2010): Pulmonary series
- Roberto Valle, Nadia Aspromonte, Emanuele Carbonieri, Giorgio De Michele, Giuseppe Di Tano, Prospero Giovinazzo, Roberta Cioè, Tiziana Di Giacomo, Loredano Milani, Federica Noventa, Mario Chiatto, BNP-guided therapy optimizes the timing of discharge and the medium term risk stratification in patients admitted for congestive heart failure , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 68 No. 3 (2007): Cardiac series
- Carlo Uran, Through the heart and beyond: a review on ranolazine , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 92 No. 1 (2022)
- Matteo Petroncini, Leonardo Valentini, Piergiorgio Solli, Pietro Bertoglio, Giant lung bulla as a late-onset complication of mild SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 94 No. 3 (2024)
- Marco Umberto Scaramozzino, Maurizia Festa, Guido Levi, Ubaldo Romeo Plastina, Giovanni Sapone, Correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease lung volumes and exacerbation of bronchial asthma: Italian pilot observational retrospective study GERDAS , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 94 No. 2 (2024)
- Martina Maria Seminara, Dina Visca, Alice Claudia Repossi, Antonio Spanevello, Mycobacterium chimaera: a case report from Italy , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Early Access
- Brandon Iturbe Esquivel, José Meneses Calderón, Luis Edgar Concepción Carrillo, Hugo Mendieta Zeron, Rural treatment of COVID-19 patients with pirfenidone, nitazoxanide and colchicine. Case series , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 93 No. 1 (2023)
- Shayan Shahid, Kausar Jabeen, Nousheen Iqbal, Joveria Farooqi, Muhammad Irfan, Respiratory pathogens in patients with acute exacerbation of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis from a developing country , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 91 No. 2 (2021)
<< < 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
