https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2023.2495
Sit to stand test and handgrip strength in men and women with post-COVID-19 syndrome without invasive ventilator support: insights from a Brazilian observational study
Submitted: November 28, 2022
Accepted: September 4, 2023
Published: September 15, 2023
Accepted: September 4, 2023
Abstract Views: 1494
PDF_early view: 325
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Two valid tests have been used in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome (coronavirus disease 2019) due to their fast application, feasibility, and accessible procedures, facilitating data collection in large groups: the 1-minute sit-to-stand test (STS) and handgrip strength (HGS) dynamometry. The present study aimed to: i) assess the STS and HGS in men and women with post-COVID-19 syndrome who did not require invasive ventilator support; ii) correlate STS repetitions and HGS with time since the COVID-19 diagnosis. Six hundred and twenty-two men and women with post-COVID-19 syndrome who did not require invasive ventilatory support performed the STS and HGS tests at the beginning of the rehabilitation process at a Reference Hospital Centre. Women over 55 years presented significantly lower results compared to participants under 55 years. For the HGS, the median ranged from 42 to 48 kg and 70 to 81 kg for the female and male groups, respectively. The correlations of time since COVID-19 diagnosis with STS and HGS ranged from -0.16 to 0.02 (p>0.05) for women and men, respectively.The test results could be used for the initial analysis of normality ranges and comparisons with other populations. Although STS repetitions and HGS presented low and non-significant correlations with time since the COVID-19 diagnosis, some COVID-19 sequelae were not measured, so these data should be interpreted with caution.
Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J, et al. ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Nutr 2020;39:1631-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.022
World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 2021. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/
Paneroni M, Simonelli C, Saleri M, et al. Muscle strength and physical performance in patients without previous disabilities recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021;100:105-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000001641
World Health Organization. A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1
Crispo A, Bimonte S, Porciello G, et al. Strategies to evaluate outcomes in long-COVID-19 and post-COVID survivors. Infect Agent Cancer 2021;16:62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-021-00401-3
Shah W, Hillman T, Playford ED, Hishmeh L. Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline. BMJ 2021;372:n136.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n136
Braga LW, Oliveira SB, Moreira AS, et al. Neuropsychological manifestations of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized Brazilian patients. NeuroRehabilitation 2022;50:391-400.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-228020
Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, et al. Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Invest 2020;130:2620-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI137244
Schett G, Manger B, Simon D, Caporali R. COVID-19 revisiting inflammatory pathways of arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020;16:465-70.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-0451-z
Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, et al. Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Lancet 2015;386:266-73.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62000-6
Wolfe RR. The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:475-82.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.3.475
Celis-Morales CA, Welsh P, Lyall DM, et al. Associations of grip strength with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer outcomes and all cause mortality: prospective cohort study of half a million UK Biobank participants. BMJ 2018;361:k1651.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1651
Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health in older adults. Circulation 2007;116:1094-105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185650
Riebe D, Franklin BA, Thompson PD, et al. Updating ACSM’s recommendations for exercise preparticipation health screening. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015;47:2473-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000664
Torres-Castro R, Vasconcello-Castillo L, Alsina-Restoy X, et al. Respiratory function in patients post-infection by COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulmonology 2021;27:328-37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.10.013
Belli S, Balbi B, Prince I, et al. Low physical functioning and impaired performance of activities of daily life in COVID-19 patients who survived hospitalisation. Eur Respir J 2020;56:2002096.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02096-2020
Simonelli C, Paneroni M, Fokom A, et al. How the COVID-19 infection tsunami revolutionized the work of respiratory physiotherapists: an experience from Northern Italy. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2020;90:1085.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2020.1085
Núñez-Cortés R, Rivera-Lillo G, Arias-Campoverde M, et al. Use of sit-to-stand test to assess the physical capacity and exertional desaturation in patients post COVID-19. Chron Respir Dis 2021;18:1-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1479973121999205
Zampogna E, Migliori GB, Centis R, et al. Functional impairment during post-acute COVID-19 phase: Preliminary finding in 56 patients. Pulmonology 2021;27:452-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.12.008
Hoyois A, Ballarin A, Thomas J, et al. Nutrition evaluation and management of critically ill patients with COVID‐19 during post–intensive care rehabilitation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021;45:1153-63.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2101
Gobbi M, Brunani A, Arreghini M, et al. Nutritional status in post SARS-Cov2 rehabilitation patients. Clin Nutr 2022;41:3055-60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.013
Martin I, Braem F, Baudet L, et al. Follow-up of functional exercise capacity in patients with COVID-19: It is improved by telerehabilitation. Respir Med 2021;183:106438.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106438
Baricich A, Borg MB, Cuneo D, et al. Midterm functional sequelae and implications in rehabilitation after COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021;57:199-207.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.21.06699-5
Tuzun S, Keles A, Okutan D, et al. Assessment of musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and grip strength in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021;57:653-62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06563-6
Cheval B, Sieber S, Maltagliati S, et al. Muscle strength is associated with COVID-19 hospitalization in adults 50 years of age or older. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021;12:1136-43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12738
Pérez-González A, Araújo-Ameijeiras A, Fernández-Villar A, et al. Long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients in a large cohort in Northwest Spain, a prospective cohort study. medRxiv 2021.08.05.21261634.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.05.21261634
Bergquist S, Partin C, Roberts DL, et al. Non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19 differ noticeably from hospitalized adults in their demographic, clinical, and social characteristics. SN Compr Clin Med 2020;2:1349-57.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00453-3
Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. J Am Med Asso. 2020;323:2052-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6775
The Lancet. Facing up to long COVID. Lancet 2020;396:1861.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32662-3
Bohannon R, Crouch R. 1-minute sit-to-stand test: systematic review of procedures, performance, and clinimetric properties. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2019;39:2-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000336
American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 9th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013. 456 p.
Strassmann A, Steurer-Stey C, Lana KD, et al. Population-based reference values for the 1-min sit-to-stand test. Int J Public Health 2013;58:949-53.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-013-0504-z
Segura-Ortí E, Martínez-Olmos F. Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change scores for sit-to-stand-to-sit tests, the six-minute walk test, the one-leg heel-rise test, and handgrip strength in people undergoing hemodialysis. Phys Ther 2011;91:1244-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100141
Majchrzak KM, Pupim LB, Chen K, et al. Physical activity patterns in chronic hemodialysis patients: comparison of dialysis and nondialysis days. J Ren Nutr 2005;15:217-24.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2004.08.002
Zanini A, Aiello M, Cherubino F, et al. The one repetition maximum test and the sit-to-stand test in the assessment of a specific pulmonary rehabilitation program on peripheral muscle strength in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015;10:2423-30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S91176
Rausch-Osthoff AK, Kohler M, Sievi NA, et al. Association between peripheral muscle strength, exercise performance, and physical activity in daily life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multidiscip Respir Med 2014;9:37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/mrm.2014.372
Vaidya T, de Bisschop C, Beaumont M, et al. Is the 1-minute sit-to-stand test a good tool for the evaluation of the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation? Determination of the minimal important difference in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016;11:2609-16.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S115439
Britton E, Harris N, Turton A. An exploratory randomized controlled trial of assisted practice for improving sit-to-stand in stroke patients in the hospital setting. Clin Rehabi. 2008;22:458-68.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215507084644
Low J, Davis S, Drake R, et al. The role of acceptance in rehabilitation in life-threatening illness. J Pain Symptom Manage 2012;43:20-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.020
Koufaki P, Mercer TH, Naish PF. Effects of exercise training on aerobic and functional capacity of end-stage renal disease patients. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2002;22:115-24.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2281.2002.00405.x
Ritchie C, Trost SG, Brown W, Armit C. Reliability and validity of physical fitness field tests for adults aged 55 to 70 years. J Sci Med Sport 2005;8:61-70.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1440-2440(05)80025-8
Ozalevli S, Ozden A, Itil O, Akkoclu A. Comparison of the sit-to-stand test with 6 min walk test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2007;101:286-93.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.05.007
Rocco CC, Sampaio LM, Stirbulov R, Correa JC. Neurophysiological aspects and their relationship to clinical and functional impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinics 2011;66:125-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322011000100022
Bohannon RW. Muscle strength: clinical and prognostic value of hand-grip dynamometry. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015;18:465-70.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000202
Mainous 3rd AG, Tanner RJ, Anton SD, Jo A. Grip strength as a marker of hypertension and diabetes in healthy weight adults. Am J Prev Med 2015;49:850-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.025
Yorke AM, Curtis AB, Shoemaker M, Vangsnes E. Grip strength values stratified by age, gender, and chronic disease status in adults aged 50 years and older. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2015;38:115-21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000037
Amaral CA, Amaral TLM, Monteiro GTR, et al. Hand grip strength: Reference values for adults and elderly people of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. PLoS One 2019;14:e0211452.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211452
Wong SL. Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013. Health Rep 2016;27:3.
Massy-Westropp NM, Gill TK, Taylor AW, et al. Hand grip strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study. BMC Res Notes 2011;4:127.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-127
Adedoyin RA, Ogundapo FA, Mbada CE, et al. Reference values for handgrip strength among healthy adults in Nigeria. Hong Kong Physiother J 2009;27:21-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1013-7025(10)70005-1
How to Cite
Ribeiro Neto, Frederico, Juliane Machado Marques, Matheus Brasiliano da Paz, Eduardo Boiteux Uchôa Cavalcanti, and Rodrigo Rodrigues Gomes Costa. 2023. “Sit to Stand Test and Handgrip Strength in Men and Women With Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Without Invasive Ventilator Support: Insights from a Brazilian Observational Study”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, September. https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2023.2495.
Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Karina Vieira da Costa, Iara Tainá Cordeiro de Souza, João Victor dos Santos Felix, Celso Brendo Furtado Brandão, Vanessa Michelle de Souza Fernandes, Andressa Bomfim Lugon Favero, Maria Lucrécia de Aquino Gouveia, Dyego Tavares de Lima, José Heriston de Morais Lima, Rafaela Pedrosa, Tatiana Onofre, Geraldo Eduardo Guedes de Brito, Eduardo Eriko Tenorio de França, Efficacy of a rehabilitation protocol on pulmonary and respiratory muscle function and ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm and quadriceps femoris in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome: a series of cases , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 93 No. 1 (2023)
- Amanda R. van Buul, Marise J. Kasteleyn, Vitalii Poberezhets, Tobias N. Bonten, Renée de Mutsert, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Saskia le Cessie, Frits R. Rosendaal, Niels H. Chavannes, Christian Taube, Factors associated with physical activity among COPD patients with mild or moderate airflow obstruction , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 92 No. 1 (2022)
- Elisabetta Zampogna, Giorgio Bertolotti, Nicolino Ambrosino, Giuseppe Lo Bello, Francesca Cherubino, Alessandra Ianni, Mara Paneroni, Patrizia Pignatti, Dina Visca, Andrea Zanini, Andrea Giordano, The Maugeri daily activity profile: a tool to assess physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 91 No. 4 (2021)
- Michele Vitacca, Cinzia Lastoria, Monica Delmastro, Domenico Fiorenza, Pasquale De Cata, Barbara Fusar Poli, Sonia Gilè, Paola Prometti, Mara Paneroni, Cristina Bianchi, Elena Mandora, Roberta Porri, Claudio Fracchia, Use of inhaled devices during a hospital exacerbation of COPD: a summary of an interdisciplinary audit held at ICS Maugeri Pavia, Italy (March-June 2019) , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 90 No. 1 (2020)
- Roberto Carlon, Mario Zanchetta, Is obesity still a coronary risk factor? , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 68 No. 3 (2007): Cardiac series
- Federica Scimia, Isabella Casadei, Elena Cerquetani, Mara Piccoli, Alessandro Villa, Salvatore La Carrubba, Alessandro Salustri, Functional evaluation of ultra-octogenarian patients undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation: correlation between Six minute Walking Test and Rivermead Mobility Index , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 74 No. 4 (2010): Cardiac series
- Gianluigi Balestroni, Pantaleo Giannuzzi, Giovanna Omarini, Pierangela Omarini, Analysis of the vital exhaustion construct in a female population during cardiac rehabilitation , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 76 No. 1 (2011): Cardiac series
- R.W. Dal Negro, R. Aquilani, S. Bertacco, F. Boschi, C. Micheletto, S. Tognella, Comprehensive effects of supplemented essential amino acids in patients with severe COPD and sarcopenia , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 73 No. 1 (2010): Pulmonary series
- Massimo F. Piepoli, Exercise Rehabilitation in Heart Disease: the real “polypill†for primary and secondary prevention , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 64 No. 2 (2005): Cardiac series
- M. Vitacca, B. Lanini, S. Nava, L. Barbano, R. Porta, E. Clini, N. Ambrosino, Inspiratory muscle workload due to dynamic intrinsic PEEP in stable COPD patients: effects of two different settings of non-invasive pressure-support ventilation , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 61 No. 2 (2004): Pulmonary series
<< < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
