https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2023.2633

Clinical characteristics for distinguishing between acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and community-acquired pneumonia in elderly patients: a prospective observational study

Vol. 94 No. 2 (2024)
Submitted: May 9, 2023
Accepted: June 8, 2023
Published: August 1, 2023
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, ostial pulmonary veins, elderly, pneumonia
Abstract Views: 756
PDF: 191
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Genki Inui
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-7487
Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori; Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
Katsuyuki Tomita
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4050-775X
Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
Masaharu Fukuki
Department of Cardiologic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
Hirokazu Touge
epartment of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
Tomoyuki Ikeuchi
Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
Ichiro Hisatome
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8092-6983
Department of Cardiologic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
Akira Yamasaki
yamasaki@tottori-u.ac.jp
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-2729
Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.

Heart failure and pneumonia are highly prevalent in elderly patients. We conducted a study to evaluate the differences in the patterns of symptoms, laboratory findings, and computed tomography (CT) results in elderly patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). From January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, we studied 140 patients aged >75 years who were diagnosed with ACPE and CAP. Symptoms, laboratory findings, mean ostial pulmonary vein (PV) diameter and patterns on CT images were assessed. The primary measures of diagnostic accuracy were assessed using the positive likelihood ratio (LR+). The cutoff value of ostial PVs for differentiating patients with ACPE from CAP was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. 93 patients with ACPE, 36 with CAP, and 11 with complicated ACPE/CAP were included. In patients with ACPE, edema (LR+ 5.4) was a moderate factor for rule-in, and a high brain natriuretic peptide level (LR+ 4.2) was weak. In patients with CAP, cough (LR+ 5.7) and leukocytosis (LR+ 5.2) were moderate factors for rule-in, while fever (LR+ 3.8) and a high C-reactive protein level (LR+ 4.8) were weak factors. The mean diameter of ostial PVs in patients with ACPE was significantly larger than that of patients with CAP (15.8± 1.8 mm versus 9.6±1.5 mm, p< 0.01). ROC analysis revealed that an ostial PV diameter cutoff of 12.5 mm was strong evidence for distinguishing ACPE from CAP, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.99 and LR+ 36.0. In conclusion, as ACPE and CAP have similar symptoms and laboratory findings, dilated ostial PVs were useful in characterizing CT images to distinguish ACPE from CAP.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Thomsen RW, Riis A, Nørgaard M, et al. Rising incidence and persistently high mortality of hospitalized pneumonia: a 10-year population-based study in Denmark. J Intern Med 2006;259:410-7.
Casper M, Nwaise I, Croft JB, et al. Geographic disparities in heart failure hospitalization rates among Medicare beneficiaries. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:294-9.
Jobs A, Simon R, Waha S, et al. Pneumonia and inflammation in acute decompensated heart failure: a registry-based analysis of 1939 patients. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2018;7:362-70.
Jackson ML, Neuzil KM, Thompson WW, et al. The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in seniors: results of a population-based study. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1642-50.
Alves dos Santos JW, Torres A, Michel GT, et al. Non-infectious and unusual infectious mimics of community-acquired pneumonia. Respir Med 2004;98:488-94.
Musher DM, Roig IL, Cazares G, et al. Can an etiologic agent be identified in adults who are hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia: results of a one-year study. J Infect 2013;67:11-8.
Andrey Bobylev SR, Avdeev S, Mladov V. Diagnosis on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Eur Respir J 2017;50:PA4521.
Ribeiro CMC, Marchiori E, Rodrigues R, et al. Hydrostatic pulmonary edema: high-resolution computed tomography aspects. J Bras Pneumol 2006;32:515-22.
Cardinale L, Priola AM, Moretti F, Volpicelli G. Effectiveness of chest radiography, lung ultrasound and thoracic computed tomography in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure. World J Radiol 2014;6:230-7.
Gao L, Lu C, Yin M, et al. Increased ostial pulmonary vein diameter in congestive heart failure: a multi-slice computed tomography angiography evaluation. J Geriatr Cardiol 2006;3:45-50.
Gheorghiade M, Zannad F, Sopko G, et al. Acute heart failure syndromes: current state and framework for future research. Circulation 2005;112:3958-68.
Metlay JP, Kapoor WN, Fine MJ. Does this patient have community-acquired pneumonia? Diagnosing pneumonia by history and physical examination. JAMA 1997;278:1440-5.
Diehr P, Wood RW, Bushyhead J, et al. Prediction of pneumonia in outpatients with acute cough--a statistical approach. J Chronic Dis 1984;37:215-25.
Ebell MH. Predicting pneumonia in adults with respiratory illness. Am Fam Physician 2007;76:560-2.
Kruskal WH, Wallis WA. Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. J Am Stat Assoc1952;47:583-621.
Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J Roy Stat Soc B Meth 1995;57:289-300.
Akobeng AK. Understanding diagnostic tests 3: receiver operating characteristic curves. Acta Paediatr 2007;96:644-7.
Fagan TJ. Letter: nomogram for Bayes theorem. N Engl J Med 1975;293:257.
McGee S. Simplifying likelihood ratios. J Gen Intern Med 2002;17:646-9.
Fine MJ, Stone RA, Singer DE, et al. Processes and outcomes of care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) cohort study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:970-80.
Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al. Rosen’s emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Saunders; 2014.
Maloney G, Anderson E, Yealy DM. Pneumonia and pulmonary infiltrates. In: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, et al., eds. Tintinalli’s Emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Education; 2016.
Finkelstein MS, Petkun WM, Freedman ML, Antopol SC. Pneumococcal bacteremia in adults: age-dependent differences in presentation and in outcome. J Am Geriatr Soc 1983;31:19-27.
Ketai LH, Godwin JD. A new view of pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Thorac Imaging 1998;13:147-71.
van der Jagt EJ, Smits HJ. Cardiac size in the supine chestfilm. Eur J Radiol 1992;14:173-7.
Bessis L, Callard P, Gotheil C, et al. High-resolution CT of parenchymal lung disease: precise correlation with histologic findings. Radiographics 1992;12:45-58.
Fleischner FG, The butterfly pattern of acute pulmonary edema. Am J Cardiol 1967;20:39-46.
Lee JM, Kim JY, Shim J, et al. Characteristics of pulmonary vein enlargement in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with stroke. Yonsei Med J 2014;55:1516-25.
Hassani C, Saremi F. Comprehensive cross-sectional imaging of the pulmonary veins. Radiographics 2017;37:1928-54.

Ethics Approval

This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Board of Yonago Medical Center (approval number: 0408-02).

How to Cite

Inui, Genki, Katsuyuki Tomita, Masaharu Fukuki, Hirokazu Touge, Tomoyuki Ikeuchi, Ichiro Hisatome, and Akira Yamasaki. 2023. “Clinical Characteristics for Distinguishing Between Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Elderly Patients: A Prospective Observational Study”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 94 (2). https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2023.2633.
Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s) Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.


Similar Articles

<< < 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.