https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2024.2927

Prevalence and risk factors for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute exacerbations

Early Access
Submitted: February 12, 2024
Accepted: March 13, 2024
Published: March 21, 2024
ACO, COPD, functional, inflammatory, prevalence, aspergillus colonization
Abstract Views: 833
PDF_EARLY VIEW: 337
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Authors

Jayabharathi Palanivel
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-3759
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Madhusmita Mohanty Mohapatra
drmadhusmita1@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0172-4284
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Manju Rajaram
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Debasis Gochhait
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-9150
Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Sunitha Vellathussery Chakkalakkoombil
Department of Radiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Rakesh Singh
Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients often experience acute exacerbations requiring hospitalization. Recently, attention has focused on Aspergillus sensitization in the airways of these COPD patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in COPD patients with acute exacerbations and identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research from January 2021 to June 2022. Sixty-one COPD patients presenting with acute exacerbations were included. Demographic details, blood investigations, and sputum examinations were performed for all patients. A high-resolution computed tomography thorax was conducted for eligible patients. The prevalence of CPA among patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD was found to be 9.8%, with chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis being the most common presentation (50%). Among post-tubercular COPD patients, the prevalence of CPA was significantly higher at 22.7%. Hemoptysis (p<0.001) and a previous history of tuberculosis (p=0.008) were associated with Aspergillus sensitization. This study highlights the substantial prevalence of CPA in COPD patients with acute exacerbations, particularly in those with a history of tuberculosis. Early recognition and targeted management of CPA in COPD patients may improve outcomes and reduce hospitalization rates. Further large-scale multi-center studies are needed to validate these findings and comprehensively address the impact of CPA on all COPD patients.

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Ethics Approval

The study protocol was approved by Institutional Ethical Committee for observational studies DHR REG.NO.EC/NEW/INST/2020/331 issued by Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER) (Protocol no. JIP/IEC/2021/077 dated 25/06/2021).

How to Cite

Palanivel, Jayabharathi, Madhusmita Mohanty Mohapatra, Manju Rajaram, Debasis Gochhait, Sunitha Vellathussery Chakkalakkoombil, and Rakesh Singh. 2024. “Prevalence and Risk Factors for Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients With Acute Exacerbations”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, March. https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2024.2927.
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