https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2024.3070
The impact of COVID-19 infection on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Submitted: May 28, 2024
Accepted: September 11, 2024
Published: October 15, 2024
Accepted: September 11, 2024
Abstract Views: 308
PDF_EARLY VIEW: 121
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 7
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 7
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
COVID-19 has a negative impact on the survival of respiratory patients, especially those with interstitial lung disease. This review aims to better understand the effect of COVID-19 on patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus performed from December 2019 up to July 2024 identified relevant studies. Eligibility criteria included English language, sample size ≥10 patients, COVID-19 infection and outcome measures. Two independent reviewers assessed studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for bias and extracted data. Meta-analysis employed a random-effects model, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessed evidence quality. Outcomes considered were hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mortality. Of the 1541 initially identified articles, 6 high-quality studies were included. Meta-analysis revealed a 34% mortality rate [95% confidence interval (CI): 21-48%], 36% hospitalization rate (95% CI: 10-75%), and 31% ICU admission rate (95% CI: 7-71%) among IPF patients with COVID-19. The certainty of evidence was low or very low due to publication bias and heterogeneity. This study underscores the elevated risk of hospitalization and death in IPF patients with COVID-19, emphasizing the vulnerability of this population. Prompt and tailored care is crucial to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on IPF patients, necessitating proactive measures, vaccination, and comprehensive management.
Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-33.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
Hu B, Guo H, Zhou P, et al. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021;19:141-54.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7
Verity R, Okell LC, Dorigatti I, et al. Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:669-77.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7
Hauser A, Counotte MJ, Margossian CC, et al. Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 mortality during the early stages of an epidemic: a modeling study in Hubei, China, and six regions in Europe. PLoS Med 2020;17:e1003189.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003189
Ferrara MC, Zarcone C, Tassistro E, et al. Frailty and long-COVID: is COVID-19 responsible for a transition in frailty status among older adults who survived hospitalization for COVID-19? Aging Clin Exp Res 2023;35:455-61.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02308-4
Rebora P, Focà E, Salvatori A, et al. The effect of frailty on in-hospital and medium-term mortality of patients with COronaVIrus Disease-19: the FRACOVID study. Panminerva Med 2022;64:24-30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0031-0808.21.04506-7
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA 2020;323:1239-42.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Dai M, Liu D, Liu M, et al. Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: a multicenter study during the COVID-19 outbreak. Cancer Discov 2020;10:783-91.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0422
Harrison SL, Fazio-Eynullayeva E, Lane DA, et al. Comorbidities associated with mortality in 31,461 adults with COVID-19 in the United States: a federated electronic medical record analysis. PLoS Med 2020;17:e1003321.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003321
Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020;584:430-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4
Wood DA, Aleem A, Davis D. Providing Access to monoclonal antibody treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19) patients in rural and underserved areas. Treasure Island, FL, USA: StatPearls; 2024.
Khedr EM, Daef E, Mohamed-Hussein A, et al. Impact of comorbidities on COVID-19 outcome. medRxiv 2020;30:2020.11.28.20240267.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.28.20240267
Wallis A, Spinks K. The diagnosis and management of interstitial lung diseases. BMJ 2015;350:h2072.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2072
Richeldi L, Collard HR, Jones MG. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lancet 2017;389:1941-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30866-8
Podolanczuk AJ, Thomson CC, Remy-Jardin M, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: state of the art for 2023. Eur Respir J 2023;61:2200957.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00957-2022
Luppi F, Spagnolo P, Cerri S, et al. The big clinical trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2012;18:428-32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283567ff9
Luppi F, Kalluri M, Faverio P, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis beyond the lung: understanding disease mechanisms to improve diagnosis and management. Respir Res 2021;22:109.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01711-1
Wong AW, Fidler L, Marcoux V, et al. Practical considerations for the diagnosis and treatment of fibrotic interstitial lung disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Chest 2020;158:1069-78.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.019
Drake TM, Docherty AB, Harrison EM, et al. Outcome of hospitalization for COVID-19 in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. An international multicenter study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;202:1656-65.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202007-2794OC
Lee H, Choi H, Yang B, et al. Interstitial lung disease increases susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2021;58:2004125.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.04125-2020
Ouyang L, Gong J, Yu M. Pre-existing interstitial lung disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021;100:108145.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108145
Stokes EK, Zambrano LD, Anderson KN, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 case surveillance - United States, january 22-May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:759-65.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e2
Pacurari M, Mitra A, Turner T. Idiopathic pulmonary comorbidities and mechanisms. Int J Inflam;2021:3963659.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3963659
Caminati A, Lonati C, Cassandro R, et al. Comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an underestimated issue. Eur Respir Rev 2019;28:190044.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0044-2019
Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol 2009;62:e1-34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006
Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Available from: https://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp. Accessed on: 15/02/2024.
Santesso N, Glenton C, Dahm P, et al. GRADE guidelines 26: informative statements to communicate the findings of systematic reviews of interventions. J Clin Epidemiol 2020;119:126-35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.10.014
Kondoh Y, Kataoka K, Ando M, et al. COVID-19 and acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. Respir Investig 2021;59:675-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2021.06.007
Cilli A, Hanta I, Uzer F, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with IPF: A multi-center retrospective study. Respir Med Res 2022;81:100900.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmer.2022.100900
Naqvi SF, Lakhani DA, Sohail AH, et al. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have poor clinical outcomes with COVID-19 disease: a propensity matched multicentre research network analysis. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021;8:e000969.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000969
Shao C, Shi Y, Chen R, et al. Risk factors associated with COVID-19 pneumonia in Chinese patients with pre-existing interstitial lung disease during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. J Med Virol 2023;95:e29098.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29098
Crothers K, Adams S V, Turner AP, et al. COVID-19 severity and mortality in veterans with chronic lung disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024;21:1034-43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202311-974OC
Martínez-Besteiro E, Molina-Molina M, Gaeta AM, et al. Impact of COVID-19 infection on patients with preexisting interstitial lung disease: a Spanish multicentre study. Arch Bronconeumol 2023;59:273-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2023.01.001
Aveyard P, Gao M, Lindson N, et al. Association between pre-existing respiratory disease and its treatment, and severe COVID-19: a population cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2021;9:909-23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00095-3
COVID-19 Forecasting Team. Variation in the COVID-19 infection–fatality ratio by age, time, and geography during the pre-vaccine era: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2022;399:1469-88.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02867-1
O’Driscoll M, Ribeiro Dos Santos G, Wang L, et al. Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2021;590:140-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0
Ricoca Peixoto V, Vieira A, Aguiar P, et al. Difference in determinants of ICU admission and death among COVID-19 hospitalized patients in two epidemic waves in Portugal: possible impact of healthcare burden and hospital bed occupancy on clinical management and outcomes, March–December 2020. Front Public Health 2023;11:1215833.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215833
Auld SC, Harrington KRV, Adelman MW, et al. Trends in ICU mortality from coronavirus disease 2019: a tale of three surges. Crit Care Med 2022;50:245-55.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005185
Gallay L, Uzunhan Y, Borie R, et al. Risk factors for mortality after COVID-19 in patients with preexisting interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021;203:245-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202007-2638LE
Vegivinti CTR, Evanson KW, Lyons H, et al. Efficacy of antiviral therapies for COVID-19: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Infect Dis 2022;22:107.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07068-0
Gottlieb RL, Vaca CE, Paredes R, et al. Early remdesivir to prevent progression to severe covid-19 in outpatients. N Engl J Med 2022;386:305-15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2116846
Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res 2020;30:269-71.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0
Ganatra S, Dani SS, Ahmad J, et al. Oral Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in nonhospitalized vaccinated patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis 2023;76:563-72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac673
Bauer J, Brüggmann D, Klingelhöfer D, et al. Access to intensive care in 14 European countries: a spatial analysis of intensive care need and capacity in the light of COVID-19. Intensive Care Med 2020;46:2026-34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06229-6
How to Cite
Cavasin, Davide, Umberto Zanini, Laura Montelisciani, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Laura Fabbri, Laura Antolini, and Fabrizio Luppi. 2024. “ The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, October. https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2024.3070.
Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Francesco Natale, Riccardo Molinari, Simona Covino, Roberta Alfieri, Mirella Limatola, Lorenzo De Luca, Enrica Pezzullo, Andrea Izzo, Giovanni Cimmino, A pitfall in the echographic diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm: when para-aortic lymph nodes are the trick , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 94 No. 1 (2024)
- Sergio C. Conte, Giulia Spagnol, Marco Biolo, Marco Confalonieri, A retrospective study of endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration versus conventional transbronchial needle aspiration in diagnosis/staging of hilar/mediastinal lymph node in lung cancer: Which role in clinical practice? , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 89 No. 1 (2019)
- Federico Piffer, Guido Levi, Giampietro Marchetti, Chiara Barbieri, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in tuberculous pleurisy and ulcerative colitis: a case report , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 89 No. 3 (2019)
- Somya Ish, Deepa Sharma, Pranav Ish, SLE presenting as DAH and relapsing as refractory retinitis , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 90 No. 3 (2020)
- Omkar K. Choudhari, Umesh Chandra Ojha, Dipti Gothi, Sonam Spalgais, Pratap Singh, Anita Rani, Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to plastic fume exposure: A case report , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 90 No. 3 (2020)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
