https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3217
Tobacco prevalence among adults in the urban slums of Delhi: results from a cross-sectional survey
Submitted: October 10, 2024
Accepted: December 6, 2024
Published: February 5, 2025
Accepted: December 6, 2024
Abstract Views: 295
PDF_EARLY VIEW: 64
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Slum areas exhibited a marked prevalence of elevated tobacco consumption rates, prompting the investigation to assess the extent and perspectives of tobacco usage among the residents in these regions. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and attitudes toward tobacco use within five distinct slum localities in close proximity to the tobacco cessation center. During a house-to-house visit, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in five different slum areas, coded as Zone 1 to Zone 5. To ensure a representative sample, 20% of households were randomly selected from each slum. The survey utilized a pre-designed, pretested, and semi-structured questionnaire to collect relevant data. A total of 274 households provided consent to participate in the survey. The variations in tobacco prevalence were observed across all five slums, ranging adult tobacco prevalence from 16.3% to 36.7%. Tobacco use prevalence differed significantly by gender, with 86.1% males and 13.9% females. Smokeless tobacco was the most preferred method of tobacco use. Notably, 43.8% of adult tobacco users expressed their willingness to quit tobacco usage, out of which 22.3% were female. A large proportion (70.4%) of total adult women tobacco users showed their willingness to quit, while the corresponding percentage for men was only 39.5%. This study highlights the high prevalence of tobacco use and the limited awareness of cessation services among users in nearby slums despite the proximity to cessation centers and mandatory tobacco cessation helpline numbers on tobacco packets. However, during the awareness session, individuals exhibited interest in quitting tobacco consumption.
Pezzuto A, Ricci A, D’Ascanio M, et al. Short-term benefits of smoking cessation improve respiratory function and metabolism in smokers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023;18:2861-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S423148
WHO. WHO global report on mortality attributable to tobacco. 2012. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564434.
Goodchild M, Nargis N, Espaignet ET. Global economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases. Tob Control 2018;27:58-64.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053305
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Global Adult Tobacco Survey. 2017.
John RM, Sinha P, Munish VG, Tullu FT. Economic costs of diseases and deaths attributable to tobacco use in India, 2017–2018. Nicotine Tob Res 2021;23:294-301.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa154
Kumar R, Goel N, Kumar S, et al. Epidemiological profile of tobacco users at tobacco cessation centre: an Indian experience. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2016;58:93-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5005/ijcdas-58-2-93
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Tobacco Cessation Centres (TCCs). Available from: https://ntcp.mohfw.gov.in/tobacco_cessation_centres.
Census India. Population finder. Available from: https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder.
Jain M, Knieling J, Taubenböck H. Urban transformation in the national capital territory of Delhi, India: the emergence and growth of slums? Habitat Int 2015;48:87-96.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.03.020
Ahmad S, Choi MJ. The context of uncontrolled urban settlements in Delhi. Asien 2011;118:75-90.
Golubchikov O, Badyina A. Sustainable housing for sustainable cities: a policy framework for developing countries. 2012. Available from: https://unhabitat.org/sustainable-housing-for-sustainable-cities-a-policy-framework-for-developing-cities.
Ekawati SA, Asmal IJ, Nadjmi N, Amin S. Elements that shape slum Integration. A systematic literature review. J Settl Spat Plan 2023;14:91-108.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSP.2023.2.04
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India. Slums in India. A statistical compedium 2015. Available from: https://nbo.gov.in/pdf/SLUMS_IN_INDIA_Slum_Compendium_2015_English.pdf.
Mahabir R, Crooks A, Croitoru A, Agouris P. The study of slums as social and physical constructs: Challenges and emerging research opportunities. Reg Stud Reg Sci 2016;3:399-419.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2016.1229130
More NS, Bapat U, Das S, et al. Community mobilization in Mumbai slums to improve perinatal care and outcomes: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2012;9:e1001257.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001257
George CE, Norman G, Wadugodapitya A, et al. Health issues in a Bangalore slum: findings from a household survey using a mobile screening toolkit in Devarajeevanahalli. BMC Public Health 2019;19:456.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6756-7
Harrison ME, Sharma M. Urbanisation and urban villages: an overview of slum communities in India. In: Chatterjee U, Bandyopadhyay N, Setiawati MD, Sarkar S, eds. Urban Commons, Future Smart Cities and sustainability. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2023. pp 109-30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24767-5_5
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. National family health survey (NFHS-5): 2019-21. India report. Available from: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR375/FR375.pdf.
Sabde YD, Yadav V, Pakhare AP, et al. Association of tobacco use with the tobacco-related built environment: an ecological study from urban slums of Bhopal, India. Glob Health Res Policy 2023;8:3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-023-00287-1
Shortt NK, Tisch C, Pearce J, et al. A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between tobacco and alcohol outlet density and neighbourhood deprivation. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1014.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2321-1
Rodriguez D, Carlos HA, Adachi-Mejia AM, et al. Predictors of tobacco outlet density nationwide: a geographic analysis. Tob Control 2013;22:349-55.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050120
Verma M, Rana K, Bhatt G, et al. Trends and determinants of tobacco use initiation in India: analysis of two rounds of the global adult tobacco survey. BMJ Open 2023;13:e074389.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074389
Tripathi R, Jasrotia R, Bhateja S, et al. Trends of smokeless tobacco in India-narrative review. Arch Dental Res 2023;13:30-3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.adr.2023.006
Pahari S, Barman D, Talukdar R. Tobacco usage in India: a meta‐analysis of evidence drawn from regional studies between 2010 and 2022. Trop Med Int Health 2023;28:699-709.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13924
Roy S, Girotra S, Radhakrishnan A, Basu S. Prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption and oral cancer screening among men in India: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional Survey. J Public Health 2023;1-12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-02161-3
WHO. E-cigarettes are harmful to health. 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/05-02-2020-e-cigarettes-are-harmful-to-health.
Antwi GO, Rhodes DL. Association between E-cigarette use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-asthmatic adults in the USA. J Public Health 2022;44:158-64.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa229
WHO. Toolkit for oral health professionals to deliver brief tobacco interventions in primary care. 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/toolkit-for-oral-health-professionals-to-deliver-brief-tobacco-interventions-in-primary-care.
Pezzuto A, Tonini G, Ciccozzi M, et al. Functional benefit of smoking cessation and triple inhaler in combustible cigarette smokers with severe COPD: a retrospective study. J Clin Med 2022;12:234.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010234
Goyal M, Khokhar A, Lukhmana S, et al. Willingness to quit and associated factors among tobacco users attending outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. Addiction Health 2023;15:192-201.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34172/ahj.2023.1444
Mansueto G, Carrozzino D, Christensen KS, et al. Clinimetric properties of the smoking abstinence expectancies questionnaire. Addict Behav 2021;123:107061.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107061
Sarkar A, Roy D, Nongpiur A. A population-based study on tobacco consumption in urban slums: Its prevalence, pattern, and determinants. J Family Med Prim Care 2019;8:892-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_42_19
Nethan ST, Sinha DN, Kedar A, et al. Tobacco use among urban slum dwellers attending a cancer screening clinic in the National Capital Region of India: a cross-sectional study. Ecancermedicalscience 2021;15:1230.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2021.1230
Amri M, Enright T, O’Campo P, et al. Health promotion, the social determinants of health, and urban health: what does a critical discourse analysis of World Health Organization texts reveal about health equity? BMC Glob Public Health 2023;1:25.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-023-00023-4
Raphael D. Social determinants of health: present status, unanswered questions, and future directions. Int J Health Serv 2006;36:651-77.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2190/3MW4-1EK3-DGRQ-2CRF
WHO. Working together for equity and healthier populations: sustainable multisectoral collaboration based on health in all policies approaches. 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240067530.
Mentis AFA. Social determinants of tobacco use: towards an equity lens approach. Tob Prev Cessat 2017;3:7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/68836
Dean HD, Williams KM, Fenton KA. From theory to action: applying social determinants of health to public health practice. Public Health Rep 2013;128:1-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549131286S301
Thankappan KR. Tobacco cessation in India: a priority health intervention. Indian J Med Res 2014;139:484-6.
Turrell G, Hewitt BA, Miller SA. The influence of neighbourhood disadvantage on smoking cessation and its contribution to inequalities in smoking status. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:645-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00452.x
Ethics Approval
This research adhered to the ethical principles outlined by University of Delhi. Ethical approval was obtained from the Board of Research Committee, Department of Social Work, University of Delhi (BRS/Soc. Sc./2019/1240), dated 19/10/14.How to Cite
Saroj, Shyam Kanhaiya, Tushti Bhardwaj, and Archana Kaushik. 2025. “Tobacco Prevalence Among Adults in the Urban Slums of Delhi: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey”. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, February. https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3217.
Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Yogesh Kumar Jain, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nitin Kumar Joshi, Manoj Kumar Gupta, Akhil Dhanesh Goel, Prem Prakash Sharma, Willingness to pay for a tobacco-free life: a contingent valuation assessment , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Early Access
- Raj Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Sukriti Raj, Rachna Rachna, Jyoti Mishra, Shyam Mani Dubey, Sourav Kumar, Dileep Kumar Arisham, Gunjan Goutam, Anil Kumar Mavi, Quitting tobacco through quitline services: impact in India , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Early Access
- M. Malerba, B. Ragnoli, M. Corradi, Non-invasive methods to assess biomarkers of exposure and early stage of pulmonary disease in smoking subjects , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 69 No. 3 (2008): Pulmonary series
- Raj Kumar, Parul Mrigpuri, Shyam Mani Dubey, Rachna Singh, Jyoti Mishra, Sourav Kumar, Ayesha Iqra, One-year continuous abstinence rate for smoking cessation via telephonic counselling: The Indian scenario , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 93 No. 2 (2023)
- P. Santus, L. Bassi, A. Airoldi, F. Giovannelli, D. Radovanovic, Varenicline and evaluated outcomes in smoking cessation programmes , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 79 No. 1 (2013): Pulmonary series
- Simona Giampaoli, Giovanni Viscogliosi, Diego Vannuzzo, We all want to live longer, but not grow old , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 87 No. 2 (2017)
- I. Vagropoulos, T. Tsilchorozidou, G. Tsinopoulos, Z. Salonikidou, M. Mouratova, M. Giavropoulou, N. Grigoriadis, Smoking habits among the hospital staff of a General Hospital in Northern Greece: a long way for smoke-free hospitals , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 65 No. 3 (2006): Pulmonary series
- P. Trerotoli, N. Bartolomeo, A.M. Moretti, Hospitalisation for COPD in Puglia: the role of hospital discharge database to estimate prevalence and incidence , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 69 No. 3 (2008): Pulmonary series
- A. Di Paco, R. Boffi, C. De Marco, N. Ambrosino, A sequential school based smoke prevention program in secondary school adolescents , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 79 No. 1 (2013): Pulmonary series
- Raj Kumar, Shyam Kanhaiya Saroj, Manoj Kumar, Tobacco Quitline toll-free number on tobacco packets in India: An analysis on outcome , Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease: Vol. 91 No. 2 (2021)
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
